fd0caddf16
Fixed error in FWS regular expression that cause some valid signatures fail verification (Thanks to Peter Palfrader (weasel) for the patch)
609 lines
23 KiB
Python
609 lines
23 KiB
Python
# This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
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# warranty. In no event will the author be held liable for any damages
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# arising from the use of this software.
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#
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# Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
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# including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
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# freely, subject to the following restrictions:
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#
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# 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
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# claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
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# in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
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# appreciated but is not required.
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# 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
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# misrepresented as being the original software.
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# 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2008 Greg Hewgill http://hewgill.com
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#
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# This has been modified from the original software.
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# Copyright (c) 2011 William Grant <me@williamgrant.id.au>
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import base64
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import hashlib
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import logging
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import re
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import time
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from dkim.canonicalization import (
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CanonicalizationPolicy,
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InvalidCanonicalizationPolicyError,
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)
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from dkim.crypto import (
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DigestTooLargeError,
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HASH_ALGORITHMS,
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parse_pem_private_key,
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parse_public_key,
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RSASSA_PKCS1_v1_5_sign,
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RSASSA_PKCS1_v1_5_verify,
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UnparsableKeyError,
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)
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try:
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from dkim.dnsplug import get_txt
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except:
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def get_txt(s):
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raise RuntimeError("DKIM.verify requires DNS or dnspython module")
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from dkim.util import (
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get_default_logger,
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InvalidTagValueList,
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parse_tag_value,
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)
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__all__ = [
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"DKIMException",
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"InternalError",
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"KeyFormatError",
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"MessageFormatError",
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"ParameterError",
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"Relaxed",
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"Simple",
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"DKIM",
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"sign",
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"verify",
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]
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Relaxed = b'relaxed' # for clients passing dkim.Relaxed
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Simple = b'simple' # for clients passing dkim.Simple
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def bitsize(x):
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"""Return size of long in bits."""
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return len(bin(x)) - 2
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class DKIMException(Exception):
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"""Base class for DKIM errors."""
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pass
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class InternalError(DKIMException):
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"""Internal error in dkim module. Should never happen."""
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pass
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class KeyFormatError(DKIMException):
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"""Key format error while parsing an RSA public or private key."""
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pass
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class MessageFormatError(DKIMException):
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"""RFC822 message format error."""
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pass
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class ParameterError(DKIMException):
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"""Input parameter error."""
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pass
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class ValidationError(DKIMException):
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"""Validation error."""
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pass
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def select_headers(headers, include_headers):
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"""Select message header fields to be signed/verified.
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>>> h = [('from','biz'),('foo','bar'),('from','baz'),('subject','boring')]
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>>> i = ['from','subject','to','from']
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>>> select_headers(h,i)
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[('from', 'baz'), ('subject', 'boring'), ('from', 'biz')]
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>>> h = [('From','biz'),('Foo','bar'),('Subject','Boring')]
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>>> i = ['from','subject','to','from']
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>>> select_headers(h,i)
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[('From', 'biz'), ('Subject', 'Boring')]
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"""
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sign_headers = []
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lastindex = {}
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for h in include_headers:
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assert h == h.lower()
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i = lastindex.get(h, len(headers))
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while i > 0:
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i -= 1
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if h == headers[i][0].lower():
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sign_headers.append(headers[i])
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break
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lastindex[h] = i
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return sign_headers
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# FWS = ([*WSP CRLF] 1*WSP) / obs-FWS ; Folding white space [RFC5322]
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FWS = r'(?:(?:\s*\r?\n)?\s+)?'
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RE_BTAG = re.compile(r'([;\s]b'+FWS+r'=)(?:'+FWS+r'[a-zA-Z0-9+/=])*(?:\r?\n\Z)?')
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def hash_headers(hasher, canonicalize_headers, headers, include_headers,
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sigheader, sig):
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"""Update hash for signed message header fields."""
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sign_headers = select_headers(headers,include_headers)
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# The call to _remove() assumes that the signature b= only appears
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# once in the signature header
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cheaders = canonicalize_headers.canonicalize_headers(
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[(sigheader[0], RE_BTAG.sub(b'\\1',sigheader[1]))])
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# the dkim sig is hashed with no trailing crlf, even if the
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# canonicalization algorithm would add one.
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for x,y in sign_headers + [(x, y.rstrip()) for x,y in cheaders]:
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hasher.update(x)
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hasher.update(b":")
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hasher.update(y)
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return sign_headers
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def validate_signature_fields(sig):
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"""Validate DKIM-Signature fields.
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Basic checks for presence and correct formatting of mandatory fields.
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Raises a ValidationError if checks fail, otherwise returns None.
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@param sig: A dict mapping field keys to values.
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"""
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mandatory_fields = (b'v', b'a', b'b', b'bh', b'd', b'h', b's')
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for field in mandatory_fields:
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if field not in sig:
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raise ValidationError("signature missing %s=" % field)
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if sig[b'v'] != b"1":
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raise ValidationError("v= value is not 1 (%s)" % sig[b'v'])
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if re.match(br"[\s0-9A-Za-z+/]+=*$", sig[b'b']) is None:
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raise ValidationError("b= value is not valid base64 (%s)" % sig[b'b'])
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if re.match(br"[\s0-9A-Za-z+/]+=*$", sig[b'bh']) is None:
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raise ValidationError(
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"bh= value is not valid base64 (%s)" % sig[b'bh'])
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# Nasty hack to support both str and bytes... check for both the
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# character and integer values.
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if b'i' in sig and (
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not sig[b'i'].endswith(sig[b'd']) or
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sig[b'i'][-len(sig[b'd'])-1] not in ('@', '.', 64, 46)):
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raise ValidationError(
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"i= domain is not a subdomain of d= (i=%s d=%s)" %
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(sig[b'i'], sig[b'd']))
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if b'l' in sig and re.match(br"\d{,76}$", sig['l']) is None:
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raise ValidationError(
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"l= value is not a decimal integer (%s)" % sig[b'l'])
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if b'q' in sig and sig[b'q'] != b"dns/txt":
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raise ValidationError("q= value is not dns/txt (%s)" % sig[b'q'])
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if b't' in sig and re.match(br"\d+$", sig[b't']) is None:
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raise ValidationError(
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"t= value is not a decimal integer (%s)" % sig[b't'])
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if b'x' in sig:
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if re.match(br"\d+$", sig[b'x']) is None:
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raise ValidationError(
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"x= value is not a decimal integer (%s)" % sig[b'x'])
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if int(sig[b'x']) < int(sig[b't']):
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raise ValidationError(
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"x= value is less than t= value (x=%s t=%s)" %
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(sig[b'x'], sig[b't']))
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def rfc822_parse(message):
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"""Parse a message in RFC822 format.
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@param message: The message in RFC822 format. Either CRLF or LF is an accepted line separator.
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@return: Returns a tuple of (headers, body) where headers is a list of (name, value) pairs.
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The body is a CRLF-separated string.
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"""
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headers = []
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lines = re.split(b"\r?\n", message)
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i = 0
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while i < len(lines):
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if len(lines[i]) == 0:
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# End of headers, return what we have plus the body, excluding the blank line.
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i += 1
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break
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if lines[i][0] in ("\x09", "\x20", 0x09, 0x20):
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headers[-1][1] += lines[i]+b"\r\n"
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else:
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m = re.match(br"([\x21-\x7e]+?):", lines[i])
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if m is not None:
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headers.append([m.group(1), lines[i][m.end(0):]+b"\r\n"])
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elif lines[i].startswith(b"From "):
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pass
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else:
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raise MessageFormatError("Unexpected characters in RFC822 header: %s" % lines[i])
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i += 1
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return (headers, b"\r\n".join(lines[i:]))
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def fold(header):
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"""Fold a header line into multiple crlf-separated lines at column 72.
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>>> fold(b'foo')
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'foo'
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>>> fold(b'foo '+b'foo'*24).splitlines()[0]
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'foo '
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>>> fold(b'foo'*25).splitlines()[-1]
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' foo'
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>>> len(fold(b'foo'*25).splitlines()[0])
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72
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"""
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i = header.rfind(b"\r\n ")
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if i == -1:
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pre = b""
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else:
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i += 3
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pre = header[:i]
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header = header[i:]
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while len(header) > 72:
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i = header[:72].rfind(b" ")
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if i == -1:
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j = 72
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else:
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j = i + 1
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pre += header[:j] + b"\r\n "
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header = header[j:]
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return pre + header
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#: Hold messages and options during DKIM signing and verification.
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class DKIM(object):
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# NOTE - the first 2 indentation levels are 2 instead of 4
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# to minimize changed lines from the function only version.
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#: The U{RFC5322<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322#section-3.6>}
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#: complete list of singleton headers (which should
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#: appear at most once). This can be used for a "paranoid" or
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#: "strict" signing mode.
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#: Bcc in this list is in the SHOULD NOT sign list, the rest could
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#: be in the default FROZEN list, but that could also make signatures
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#: more fragile than necessary.
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#: @since: 0.5
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RFC5322_SINGLETON = ('date','from','sender','reply-to','to','cc','bcc',
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'message-id','in-reply-to','references')
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#: Header fields to protect from additions by default.
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#:
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#: The short list below is the result more of instinct than logic.
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#: @since: 0.5
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FROZEN = ('from','date','subject')
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#: The rfc4871 recommended header fields to sign
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#: @since: 0.5
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SHOULD = (
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'sender', 'reply-to', 'subject', 'date', 'message-id', 'to', 'cc',
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'mime-version', 'content-type', 'content-transfer-encoding', 'content-id',
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'content- description', 'resent-date', 'resent-from', 'resent-sender',
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'resent-to', 'resent-cc', 'resent-message-id', 'in-reply-to', 'references',
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'list-id', 'list-help', 'list-unsubscribe', 'list-subscribe', 'list-post',
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'list-owner', 'list-archive'
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)
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#: The rfc4871 recommended header fields not to sign.
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#: @since: 0.5
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SHOULD_NOT = (
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'return-path', 'received', 'comments', 'keywords', 'bcc', 'resent-bcc',
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'dkim-signature'
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)
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#: Create a DKIM instance to sign and verify rfc5322 messages.
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#:
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#: @param message: an RFC822 formatted message to be signed or verified
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#: (with either \\n or \\r\\n line endings)
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#: @param logger: a logger to which debug info will be written (default None)
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#: @param signature_algorithm: the signing algorithm to use when signing
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def __init__(self,message=None,logger=None,signature_algorithm=b'rsa-sha256',
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minkey=1024):
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self.set_message(message)
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if logger is None:
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logger = get_default_logger()
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self.logger = logger
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if signature_algorithm not in HASH_ALGORITHMS:
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raise ParameterError(
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"Unsupported signature algorithm: "+signature_algorithm)
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self.signature_algorithm = signature_algorithm
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#: Header fields which should be signed. Default from RFC4871
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self.should_sign = set(DKIM.SHOULD)
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#: Header fields which should not be signed. The default is from RFC4871.
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#: Attempting to sign these headers results in an exception.
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#: If it is necessary to sign one of these, it must be removed
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#: from this list first.
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self.should_not_sign = set(DKIM.SHOULD_NOT)
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#: Header fields to sign an extra time to prevent additions.
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self.frozen_sign = set(DKIM.FROZEN)
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#: Minimum public key size. Shorter keys raise KeyFormatError. The
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#: default is 1024
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self.minkey = minkey
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def add_frozen(self,s):
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""" Add headers not in should_not_sign to frozen_sign.
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@param s: list of headers to add to frozen_sign
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@since: 0.5
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>>> dkim = DKIM()
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>>> dkim.add_frozen(DKIM.RFC5322_SINGLETON)
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>>> sorted(dkim.frozen_sign)
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['cc', 'date', 'from', 'in-reply-to', 'message-id', 'references', 'reply-to', 'sender', 'subject', 'to']
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"""
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self.frozen_sign.update(x.lower() for x in s
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if x.lower() not in self.should_not_sign)
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#: Load a new message to be signed or verified.
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#: @param message: an RFC822 formatted message to be signed or verified
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#: (with either \\n or \\r\\n line endings)
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#: @since: 0.5
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def set_message(self,message):
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if message:
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self.headers, self.body = rfc822_parse(message)
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else:
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self.headers, self.body = [],''
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#: The DKIM signing domain last signed or verified.
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self.domain = None
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#: The DKIM key selector last signed or verified.
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self.selector = 'default'
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#: Signature parameters of last sign or verify. To parse
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#: a DKIM-Signature header field that you have in hand,
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#: use L{dkim.util.parse_tag_value}.
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self.signature_fields = {}
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#: The list of headers last signed or verified. Each header
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#: is a name,value tuple. FIXME: The headers are canonicalized.
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#: This could be more useful as original headers.
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self.signed_headers = []
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#: The public key size last verified.
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self.keysize = 0
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def default_sign_headers(self):
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"""Return the default list of headers to sign: those in should_sign or
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frozen_sign, with those in frozen_sign signed an extra time to prevent
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additions.
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@since: 0.5"""
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hset = self.should_sign | self.frozen_sign
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include_headers = [ x for x,y in self.headers
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if x.lower() in hset ]
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return include_headers + [ x for x in include_headers
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if x.lower() in self.frozen_sign]
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def all_sign_headers(self):
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"""Return header list of all existing headers not in should_not_sign.
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@since: 0.5"""
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return [x for x,y in self.headers if x.lower() not in self.should_not_sign]
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#: Sign an RFC822 message and return the DKIM-Signature header line.
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#:
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#: The include_headers option gives full control over which header fields
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#: are signed. Note that signing a header field that doesn't exist prevents
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#: that field from being added without breaking the signature. Repeated
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#: fields (such as Received) can be signed multiple times. Instances
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#: of the field are signed from bottom to top. Signing a header field more
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#: times than are currently present prevents additional instances
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#: from being added without breaking the signature.
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#:
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#: The length option allows the message body to be appended to by MTAs
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#: enroute (e.g. mailing lists that append unsubscribe information)
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#: without breaking the signature.
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#:
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#: The default include_headers for this method differs from the backward
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#: compatible sign function, which signs all headers not
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#: in should_not_sign. The default list for this method can be modified
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#: by tweaking should_sign and frozen_sign (or even should_not_sign).
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#: It is only necessary to pass an include_headers list when precise control
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#: is needed.
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#:
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#: @param selector: the DKIM selector value for the signature
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#: @param domain: the DKIM domain value for the signature
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#: @param privkey: a PKCS#1 private key in base64-encoded text form
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#: @param identity: the DKIM identity value for the signature
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#: (default "@"+domain)
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#: @param canonicalize: the canonicalization algorithms to use
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#: (default (Simple, Simple))
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#: @param include_headers: a list of strings indicating which headers
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#: are to be signed (default rfc4871 recommended headers)
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#: @param length: true if the l= tag should be included to indicate
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#: body length signed (default False).
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#: @return: DKIM-Signature header field terminated by '\r\n'
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#: @raise DKIMException: when the message, include_headers, or key are badly
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#: formed.
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def sign(self, selector, domain, privkey, identity=None,
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canonicalize=(b'relaxed',b'simple'), include_headers=None, length=False):
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try:
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pk = parse_pem_private_key(privkey)
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except UnparsableKeyError as e:
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raise KeyFormatError(str(e))
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if identity is not None and not identity.endswith(domain):
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raise ParameterError("identity must end with domain")
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canon_policy = CanonicalizationPolicy.from_c_value(
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b'/'.join(canonicalize))
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headers = canon_policy.canonicalize_headers(self.headers)
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if include_headers is None:
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include_headers = self.default_sign_headers()
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# rfc4871 says FROM is required
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if 'from' not in ( x.lower() for x in include_headers ):
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raise ParameterError("The From header field MUST be signed")
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# raise exception for any SHOULD_NOT headers, call can modify
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# SHOULD_NOT if really needed.
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for x in include_headers:
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if x.lower() in self.should_not_sign:
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raise ParameterError("The %s header field SHOULD NOT be signed"%x)
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body = canon_policy.canonicalize_body(self.body)
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hasher = HASH_ALGORITHMS[self.signature_algorithm]
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h = hasher()
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h.update(body)
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bodyhash = base64.b64encode(h.digest())
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sigfields = [x for x in [
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(b'v', b"1"),
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(b'a', self.signature_algorithm),
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(b'c', canon_policy.to_c_value()),
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(b'd', domain),
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(b'i', identity or b"@"+domain),
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length and (b'l', len(body)),
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(b'q', b"dns/txt"),
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(b's', selector),
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(b't', str(int(time.time())).encode('ascii')),
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(b'h', b" : ".join(include_headers)),
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(b'bh', bodyhash),
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# Force b= to fold onto it's own line so that refolding after
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# adding sig doesn't change whitespace for previous tags.
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(b'b', b'0'*60),
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] if x]
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include_headers = [x.lower() for x in include_headers]
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# record what verify should extract
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self.include_headers = tuple(include_headers)
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sig_value = fold(b"; ".join(b"=".join(x) for x in sigfields))
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sig_value = RE_BTAG.sub(b'\\1',sig_value)
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dkim_header = (b'DKIM-Signature', b' ' + sig_value)
|
|
h = hasher()
|
|
sig = dict(sigfields)
|
|
self.signed_headers = hash_headers(
|
|
h, canon_policy, headers, include_headers, dkim_header,sig)
|
|
self.logger.debug("sign headers: %r" % self.signed_headers)
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
sig2 = RSASSA_PKCS1_v1_5_sign(h, pk)
|
|
except DigestTooLargeError:
|
|
raise ParameterError("digest too large for modulus")
|
|
# Folding b= is explicity allowed, but yahoo and live.com are broken
|
|
#sig_value += base64.b64encode(bytes(sig2))
|
|
# Instead of leaving unfolded (which lets an MTA fold it later and still
|
|
# breaks yahoo and live.com), we change the default signing mode to
|
|
# relaxed/simple (for broken receivers), and fold now.
|
|
sig_value = fold(sig_value + base64.b64encode(bytes(sig2)))
|
|
|
|
self.domain = domain
|
|
self.selector = selector
|
|
self.signature_fields = sig
|
|
return b'DKIM-Signature: ' + sig_value + b"\r\n"
|
|
|
|
#: Verify a DKIM signature.
|
|
#: @type idx: int
|
|
#: @param idx: which signature to verify. The first (topmost) signature is 0.
|
|
#: @type dnsfunc: callable
|
|
#: @param dnsfunc: an option function to lookup TXT resource records
|
|
#: for a DNS domain. The default uses dnspython or pydns.
|
|
#: @return: True if signature verifies or False otherwise
|
|
#: @raise DKIMException: when the message, signature, or key are badly formed
|
|
def verify(self,idx=0,dnsfunc=get_txt):
|
|
|
|
sigheaders = [(x,y) for x,y in self.headers if x.lower() == b"dkim-signature"]
|
|
if len(sigheaders) <= idx:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
# By default, we validate the first DKIM-Signature line found.
|
|
try:
|
|
sig = parse_tag_value(sigheaders[idx][1])
|
|
self.signature_fields = sig
|
|
except InvalidTagValueList as e:
|
|
raise MessageFormatError(e)
|
|
|
|
logger = self.logger
|
|
logger.debug("sig: %r" % sig)
|
|
|
|
validate_signature_fields(sig)
|
|
self.domain = sig[b'd']
|
|
self.selector = sig[b's']
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
canon_policy = CanonicalizationPolicy.from_c_value(sig.get(b'c'))
|
|
except InvalidCanonicalizationPolicyError as e:
|
|
raise MessageFormatError("invalid c= value: %s" % e.args[0])
|
|
headers = canon_policy.canonicalize_headers(self.headers)
|
|
body = canon_policy.canonicalize_body(self.body)
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
hasher = HASH_ALGORITHMS[sig[b'a']]
|
|
except KeyError as e:
|
|
raise MessageFormatError("unknown signature algorithm: %s" % e.args[0])
|
|
|
|
if b'l' in sig:
|
|
body = body[:int(sig[b'l'])]
|
|
|
|
h = hasher()
|
|
h.update(body)
|
|
bodyhash = h.digest()
|
|
logger.debug("bh: %s" % base64.b64encode(bodyhash))
|
|
try:
|
|
bh = base64.b64decode(re.sub(br"\s+", b"", sig[b'bh']))
|
|
except TypeError as e:
|
|
raise MessageFormatError(str(e))
|
|
if bodyhash != bh:
|
|
raise ValidationError(
|
|
"body hash mismatch (got %s, expected %s)" %
|
|
(base64.b64encode(bodyhash), sig[b'bh']))
|
|
|
|
name = sig[b's'] + b"._domainkey." + sig[b'd'] + b"."
|
|
s = dnsfunc(name)
|
|
if not s:
|
|
raise KeyFormatError("missing public key: %s"%name)
|
|
try:
|
|
pub = parse_tag_value(s)
|
|
except InvalidTagValueList as e:
|
|
raise KeyFormatError(e)
|
|
try:
|
|
pk = parse_public_key(base64.b64decode(pub[b'p']))
|
|
self.keysize = bitsize(pk['modulus'])
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
raise KeyFormatError("incomplete public key: %s" % s)
|
|
except (TypeError,UnparsableKeyError) as e:
|
|
raise KeyFormatError("could not parse public key (%s): %s" % (pub[b'p'],e))
|
|
include_headers = [x.lower() for x in re.split(br"\s*:\s*", sig[b'h'])]
|
|
self.include_headers = tuple(include_headers)
|
|
# address bug#644046 by including any additional From header
|
|
# fields when verifying. Since there should be only one From header,
|
|
# this shouldn't break any legitimate messages. This could be
|
|
# generalized to check for extras of other singleton headers.
|
|
if 'from' in include_headers:
|
|
include_headers.append('from')
|
|
h = hasher()
|
|
self.signed_headers = hash_headers(
|
|
h, canon_policy, headers, include_headers, sigheaders[idx], sig)
|
|
try:
|
|
signature = base64.b64decode(re.sub(br"\s+", b"", sig[b'b']))
|
|
res = RSASSA_PKCS1_v1_5_verify(h, signature, pk)
|
|
if res and self.keysize < self.minkey:
|
|
raise KeyFormatError("public key too small: %d" % self.keysize)
|
|
return res
|
|
except (TypeError,DigestTooLargeError) as e:
|
|
raise KeyFormatError("digest too large for modulus: %s"%e)
|
|
|
|
def sign(message, selector, domain, privkey, identity=None,
|
|
canonicalize=(b'relaxed', b'simple'),
|
|
signature_algorithm=b'rsa-sha256',
|
|
include_headers=None, length=False, logger=None):
|
|
"""Sign an RFC822 message and return the DKIM-Signature header line.
|
|
@param message: an RFC822 formatted message (with either \\n or \\r\\n line endings)
|
|
@param selector: the DKIM selector value for the signature
|
|
@param domain: the DKIM domain value for the signature
|
|
@param privkey: a PKCS#1 private key in base64-encoded text form
|
|
@param identity: the DKIM identity value for the signature (default "@"+domain)
|
|
@param canonicalize: the canonicalization algorithms to use (default (Simple, Simple))
|
|
@param include_headers: a list of strings indicating which headers are to be signed (default all headers not listed as SHOULD NOT sign)
|
|
@param length: true if the l= tag should be included to indicate body length (default False)
|
|
@param logger: a logger to which debug info will be written (default None)
|
|
@return: DKIM-Signature header field terminated by \\r\\n
|
|
@raise DKIMException: when the message, include_headers, or key are badly formed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
d = DKIM(message,logger=logger)
|
|
if not include_headers:
|
|
include_headers = d.default_sign_headers()
|
|
return d.sign(selector, domain, privkey, identity=identity, canonicalize=canonicalize, include_headers=include_headers, length=length)
|
|
|
|
def verify(message, logger=None, dnsfunc=get_txt, minkey=1024):
|
|
"""Verify the first (topmost) DKIM signature on an RFC822 formatted message.
|
|
@param message: an RFC822 formatted message (with either \\n or \\r\\n line endings)
|
|
@param logger: a logger to which debug info will be written (default None)
|
|
@return: True if signature verifies or False otherwise
|
|
"""
|
|
d = DKIM(message,logger=logger,minkey=minkey)
|
|
try:
|
|
return d.verify(dnsfunc=dnsfunc)
|
|
except DKIMException as x:
|
|
if logger is not None:
|
|
logger.error("%s" % x)
|
|
return False
|